Beautiful Tel Dan Nature Reserve

The beautiful Tel Dan Nature Reserve

Tel Dan Nature Reserve is a beautiful park with bubbling brooks and gushing water in a cool, mainly shaded, foliage-rich park. The springs constitute the beginning of the Dan River, one of the main sources of Israel’s drinking water. Kids will enjoy the natural wading pool in the middle of the park. There are also interesting and important archeological findings on the tel. These include an intact gate from Canaanite times, remnants of a wall and gate from the Israelite period, and a cultic site first used by Jeroboam for worship of a golden calf when the northern Israelite tribes seceded from the southern kingdom. Consider also a visit to the nearby Beit Ussishkin Museum.

About the tribe of Dan: Following the conquest of Canaan, the tribe of Dan was assigned an area in what is now the larger Tel Aviv area, possibly within the territory of Judah. As is evident from the story of Samson, who was from the tribe of Dan, the tribe found it difficult to establish itself in this area because of strong opposition from the Philistines. They therefore captured the city of Laish, on what is now Tel Dan, and the tribe moved to this fertile area in the north of Israel. As the Book of Judges tells us: “They proceeded to Laish, a people tranquil and unsuspecting, and they put them to the sword and burned down the town” (Judges 18:27). Although this account is found towards the end of the Book of Judges, it may have happened close to the time of the initial conquest of Canaan, since it is also mentioned in the Book of Joshua. Laish had an alliance with Sidon, but Sidon was unable to come to its aid because of the distance involved (Judges 18:28). It is possible that the inhabitants of Laish were Phoenician. Alternatively, they were Canaanite and had an alliance with the Phoenician Sidonites.

The sources of the Jordan River: The Jordan River has three sources - the Dan, Hermon and Snir. Of these, the Dan provides the greatest amount of water, equivalent to the other two rivers combined. Prior to the Six-Day War, the source of the Dan River was the only water source in Israeli hands. The water of the Dan River comes from rainwater and snow falling on Mount Hermon that seeps into the ground and emerges in hundreds of springs at the base of Mount Hermon. One of the consequences of the Six-Day War was that all its water sources from the Golan Heights now belonged to Israel. This was fitting, since prior to this war Syria had attempted to divert these rivers and thereby deprive Israel of its water resources.

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THE PARK:

Direction: Enter “Tel Dan” into Waze and click on “Tel Dan Nature Reserve.”

Difficulty: Most of the paths are footpaths or paved paths. Within the area of the streams, there is some stepping on stones surrounded by water, but no special footwear is needed, although the park advises not to use flipflops.

Admission: This is a site of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Summer hours are Sunday to Thursday and Saturday 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and Friday and holiday eves 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. The park closes 1 hour earlier in the winter. Just beyond the entrance to the park are restrooms, a gift shop selling hot and cold drinks and snack foods, and a large shaded picnic area with benches. Their phone number is 04 695-1579. This is their website.

Public transport: Enter "Tel Dan" into Moovit. The closest bus stop is at the Tel Dan Intersection, from where it is about a 21-minute/1.7-Km walk to the reserve.

Israelite Gate of the city from the First Temple period.

This Cultic center was built by Jeroboam after the split of the two kingdoms and was used initially for the worship of a golden calf.

Abraham’s Gate, the intact gate of the city of Laish.

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EXPLORING THE PARK:

Be sure to take a brochure (also available in English) at the visitor center as it contains a map showing the paths within the park. The most direct route to Ancient Dan is on a paved path that is also suitable for a wheelchair or stroller. However, this path misses a lot of the park. There is also a Short Trail that covers the streams, takes about an hour, but misses out on the historical sites. The route described here covers almost everything, takes about 2½ hours and is about 5 Km.

From the first intersection take the Long Trail to the Dan Spring. At the next intersection, make a right turn to the Garden of Eden. Continue past the flour mill to join the paved path. This will take you past the Wading Pool and then to the Israelite Gate.

The kids will appreciate the Wading Pool. Appropriate footwear can be helpful. The water is extremely cold.

The gate you are viewing is from First Temple times. Note the bench inside the city gate. The city gate is where administrative and legal affairs for the city took place and where the city elders would have sat. The raised square platform may have been for the king’s throne. It is from here that fragments of the famous Tel Dan inscription were found in secondary use (see below in relation to the Ussishkin Museum). Tel Dan was occupied until the Roman period when it was abandoned when the inhabitants moved to Banias. There is a (modern) restroom near the gate.

Continue further along the paved road to Abraham’s Gate, which is part of the gate of the ancient city of Laish. It was built sometime during the Middle Bronze Age (2000 - 1550 BCE) from baked mud bricks and is one of the oldest intact archways ever found. It is called Abraham’s gate because Abraham could well have passed by here on his way to Syria when rescuing his nephew Lot from the coalition of kings that had attacked Sodom (Genesis 14:14).

Visiting the Cultic Site is definitely worthwhile. Go back to the Israelite city, go through the Israelite Gate, and climb up through the city ruins. This path will lead you to the Cultic Site. While here, take the short circular route to the Bunker Lookout. This bunker was used by the Israel Defense Forces prior to the Six-Day War. From here you can see the slopes of Mount Hermon, Syrian earthworks for their intended diversion of the Hizbani River, and the Lebanese village of el-Hiyyam.

Choose a way back from the Cultic site using the brochure map depending on what else you would like to see and the time you have available.

NEARBY PLACES OF INTEREST:

Beit Ussishkin Museum for local nature and archeology

The Beit Ussishkin Museum is a fascinating archeology and nature museum in Kibbutz Dan that describes the nature, geography and archaeology of this part of the Galilee panhandle. It is located adjacent to Tel Dan Reserve, is run by the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, and is definitely worth visiting.

The museum was initiated in the 1950s because of concern that draining the Hula Valley would destroy much of the wildlife of the area. A 10-minute movie with English subtitles is shown. The displays of wildlife in the museum, including scenes with stuffed animals, are impressive.

Some of the archeological findings from Tel Dan are also shown, including a copy of the Tel Dan Stele composed in the 9th century BCE. On this monumental victory stone slab chiseled in the Phoenician script, the king of Aram-Damascus prides himself on killing 70 kings, including Jehoram son of Ahab and “Ahaziahu son of Jehoram king of the House of David.” This stele elicited considerable excitement in the archeological world when it was discovered since this was the first time that the expression “House of David” had ever been seen on an archeological finding. It thus confirmed that King David existed and that he had a dynasty as related by the Bible. Until this time, because of a lack of archeological evidence, there were influential Israeli archeologists who thought that David was no more than a tribal chieftain and not the ruler of a kingdom. The original stele is in the Israel Museum.

It is likely that Tel Dan changed hands several times in the struggle between the Arameans and the Northern Israelite Kingdom. We know from the Bible that Chaza’el, king of Aram, conquered the Northern Kingdom, although he was unable to capture Jerusalem. He is the probable author of this victory stele. The Bible, on the other hand, ascribes the death of Jehoram, the king of Israel, and Ahaziahu, the king of Judah, to Jehu, a usurper king of Israel, and not to the king Chaza’el, although Jehu did have an alliance with Chaza'el (2 Kings 9).

Directions: Enter “Beit Usshishkin” into Waze and click on “Beit Usshishkin Nature Museum.” The museum is open Sunday to Thursday 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m., and Friday and Saturday by appointment. Their phone number is 04 694-1704. Tours are available. This is their website.

Replicure of the Tel Dan Steele which mentions the “House of David.” It is written in the Phoenician script.